What airspace begins at surface level up to 2,500 feet AGL near airports?

Class D airspace is the correct answer, as it specifically denotes airspace that extends from the surface up to 2,500 feet above ground level (AGL) surrounding airports with an operational control tower. This type of airspace is established to manage air traffic in the vicinity of airports and ensure safe separation between aircraft, particularly as they are taking off and landing.

The defining characteristic of Class D airspace is its surface-level designation, which means it begins right at the ground and extends vertically up to 2,500 feet. This allows for the management of traffic patterns and provides a designated area for both arriving and departing aircraft to operate safely.

While Class E airspace also exists at varying altitudes, it typically extends from 1,200 feet AGL or higher, and does not have the same operational control measures as Class D airspace near an airport. Similarly, Class C airspace surrounds larger airports with a significant volume of traffic, extending upward from the surface but typically starting at a higher altitude than Class D airspace and with a more structured air traffic control approach.

Understanding the various classes of airspace is essential for pilots to navigate safely and comply with air traffic control regulations, particularly in busy airport environments.